Add locked in constraints

Add constraints to a conservation planning problem to ensure that specific planning units are selected (or allocated to a specific zone) in the solution. For example, it may be desirable to lock in planning units that are inside existing protected areas so that the solution fills in the gaps in the existing reserve network. If specific planning units should be locked out of a solution, use add_locked_out_constraints(). For problems with non-binary planning unit allocations (e.g., proportions), the add_manual_locked_constraints() function can be used to lock planning unit allocations to a specific value.

Usage

add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,numeric'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,logical'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,matrix'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,character'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,Spatial'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,sf'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,Raster'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

# S4 method for class 'ConservationProblem,SpatRaster'
add_locked_in_constraints(x, locked_in)

Arguments

x: problem() object.
locked_in: Object that determines which planning units should be locked in. See the Data format section for more information.

Value

An updated problem() object with the constraints added to it.

Data format

The following formats can be used to lock in planning units.

locked_in as a numeric vector: containing numeric values that indicate which planning units should be locked for the solution. If x has data.frame planning units, then these values must refer to values in the id column of the planning unit data. Alternatively, if x has sf::st_sf() or matrix planning units, then these values must refer to the row numbers of the planning unit data. Additionally, if x has numeric vector planning units, then these values must refer to the element indices of the planning unit data. Finally, if x has terra::rast() planning units, then these values must refer to cell indices. Note that this format is available for problems that contain a single zone.
locked_in as a logical vector: containing TRUE and/or FALSE values that indicate each if planning units should be locked in the solution. Note that the vector should have a TRUE or FALSE value for each and every planning unit in the argument to x. This argument is only compatible with problems that contain a single zone.
locked_in as a matrix object: containing logical (i.e., TRUE or FALSE) values that indicate if certain planning units should be locked to a specific zone in the solution. Each row corresponds to a planning unit, each column corresponds to a zone, and each cell indicates if the planning unit should be locked to a given zone.
locked_in as a character vector: containing column name(s) for the planning unit data in x that indicate if planning units should be locked for the solution. This format is only compatible if the argument to x has sf::st_sf() or data.frame planning units. The columns must have logical (i.e., TRUE or FALSE) values indicating if planning units should be locked for the solution. For problems that contain a single zone, the argument to data must contain a single column name. Otherwise, for problems that contain multiple zones, the argument to data must contain a column name for each zone.
locked_in as a sf::sf() object: containing geometries that will be used to lock planning units for the solution. Specifically, planning units in x that spatially intersect with y will be locked (per intersecting_units()). Note that this option is only available for problems that contain a single management zone.
locked_in as a terra::rast() object: containing cells used to lock planning units for the solution. Specifically, planning units in x that intersect with cells that have non-zero and non-NA values are locked. For problems that contain multiple zones, the data object must contain a layer for each zone. Note that for multi-band arguments, each cell must only contain a non-zero value in a single band. Additionally, if the cost data in x is a terra::rast() object, we recommend standardizing NA values in this dataset with the cost data. In other words, the cells in x that have NA values should also have NA values in the locked data.

Examples

# \dontrun{
# set seed for reproducibility
set.seed(500)

# load data
sim_pu_polygons <- get_sim_pu_polygons()
sim_features <- get_sim_features()
sim_locked_in_raster <- get_sim_locked_in_raster()
sim_zones_pu_raster <- get_sim_zones_pu_raster()
sim_zones_pu_polygons <- get_sim_zones_pu_polygons()
sim_zones_features <- get_sim_zones_features()

# create minimal problem
p1 <-
  problem(sim_pu_polygons, sim_features, "cost") %>%
  add_min_set_objective() %>%
  add_relative_targets(0.2) %>%
  add_binary_decisions() %>%
  add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)

# create problem with added locked in constraints using integers
p2 <- p1 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(which(sim_pu_polygons$locked_in))

# create problem with added locked in constraints using a column name
p3 <- p1 %>% add_locked_in_constraints("locked_in")

# create problem with added locked in constraints using raster data
p4 <- p1 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(sim_locked_in_raster)

# create problem with added locked in constraints using spatial polygon data
locked_in <- sim_pu_polygons[sim_pu_polygons$locked_in == 1, ]
p5 <- p1 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(locked_in)

# solve problems
s1 <- solve(p1)
s2 <- solve(p2)
s3 <- solve(p3)
s4 <- solve(p4)
s5 <- solve(p5)

# create single object with all solutions
s6 <- sf::st_sf(
  tibble::tibble(
    s1 = s1$solution_1,
    s2 = s2$solution_1,
    s3 = s3$solution_1,
    s4 = s4$solution_1,
    s5 = s5$solution_1
  ),
  geometry = sf::st_geometry(s1)
)

# plot solutions
plot(
  s6,
  main = c(
    "none locked in", "locked in (integer input)",
    "locked in (character input)", "locked in (raster input)",
    "locked in (polygon input)"
  )
)


# create minimal multi-zone problem with spatial data
p7 <-
  problem(
    sim_zones_pu_polygons, sim_zones_features,
    cost_column = c("cost_1", "cost_2", "cost_3")
  ) %>%
  add_min_set_objective() %>%
  add_absolute_targets(matrix(rpois(15, 1), nrow = 5, ncol = 3)) %>%
  add_binary_decisions() %>%
  add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)

# create multi-zone problem with locked in constraints using matrix data
locked_matrix <- as.matrix(sf::st_drop_geometry(
  sim_zones_pu_polygons[, c("locked_1", "locked_2", "locked_3")]
))

p8 <- p7 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(locked_matrix)

# solve problem
s8 <- solve(p8)

# create new column representing the zone id that each planning unit
# was allocated to in the solution
s8$solution <- category_vector(sf::st_drop_geometry(
  s8[, c("solution_1_zone_1", "solution_1_zone_2", "solution_1_zone_3")]
))
s8$solution <- factor(s8$solution)

# plot solution
plot(s8[ "solution"], axes = FALSE)


# create multi-zone problem with locked in constraints using column names
p9 <- p7 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(c("locked_1", "locked_2", "locked_3"))

# solve problem
s9 <- solve(p9)

# create new column representing the zone id that each planning unit
# was allocated to in the solution
s9$solution <- category_vector(sf::st_drop_geometry(
  s9[, c("solution_1_zone_1", "solution_1_zone_2", "solution_1_zone_3")]
))
s9$solution[s9$solution == 1 & s9$solution_1_zone_1 == 0] <- 0
s9$solution <- factor(s9$solution)

# plot solution
plot(s9[, "solution"], axes = FALSE)

# create multi-zone problem with raster planning units
p10 <-
  problem(sim_zones_pu_raster, sim_zones_features) %>%
  add_min_set_objective() %>%
  add_absolute_targets(matrix(rpois(15, 1), nrow = 5, ncol = 3)) %>%
  add_binary_decisions() %>%
  add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)

# create multi-layer raster with locked in units
locked_in_raster <- sim_zones_pu_raster[[1]]
locked_in_raster[!is.na(locked_in_raster)] <- 0
locked_in_raster <- locked_in_raster[[c(1, 1, 1)]]
names(locked_in_raster) <- c("zone_1", "zone_2", "zone_3")
locked_in_raster[[1]][1] <- 1
locked_in_raster[[2]][2] <- 1
locked_in_raster[[3]][3] <- 1

# plot locked in raster
plot(locked_in_raster)


# add locked in raster units to problem
p10 <- p10 %>% add_locked_in_constraints(locked_in_raster)

# solve problem
s10 <- solve(p10)

# plot solution
plot(category_layer(s10), main = "solution", axes = FALSE)

# }

Usage

Arguments

Value

Data format

See also

Examples