Add minimum largest shortfall objective

Set the objective of a conservation planning problem() to minimize the largest target shortfall while ensuring that the cost of the solution does not exceed a budget. Note that if the target shortfall for a single feature cannot be decreased beyond a certain point (e.g. because all remaining planning units occupied by that feature are too costly or are locked out), then solutions may only use a small proportion of the specified budget.

add_min_largest_shortfall_objective(x, budget)

Arguments

x	`problem()` (i.e. `ConservationProblem`) object.
budget	`numeric` value specifying the maximum expenditure of the prioritization. For problems with multiple zones, the argument to `budget` can be a single `numeric` value to specify a budget for the entire solution or a `numeric` `vector` to specify a budget for each each management zone.

Value

Object (i.e. ConservationProblem) with the objective added to it.

Details

A problem objective is used to specify the overall goal of the conservation planning problem. Please note that all conservation planning problems formulated in the prioritizr package require the addition of objectives---failing to do so will return an error message when attempting to solve problem.

The minimum largest shortfall objective aims to find the set of planning units that minimize the largest shortfall for any of the representation targets---that is, the fraction of each target that remains unmet---for as many features as possible while staying within a fixed budget. This objective is different from the minimum shortfall objective (add_min_shortfall_objective()) because this objective minimizes the largest (maximum) target shortfall, whereas the minimum shortfall objective minimizes the total (weighted sum) of the target shortfalls. Note that this objective function is not compatible with feature weights (add_feature_weights()).

The minimum largest shortfall objective for the reserve design problem can be expressed mathematically for a set of planning units ($I$ indexed by $i$) and a set of features ($J$ indexed by $j$) as:

$$\mathit{Minimize} \space l \\ \mathit{subject \space to} \\ \sum_{i = 1}^{I} x_i r_{ij} + y_j \geq t_j \forall j \in J \\ l \geq \frac{y_j}{t_j} \forall j \in J \\ \sum_{i = 1}^{I} x_i c_i \leq B$$

Here, $x_i$ is the decisions variable (e.g. specifying whether planning unit $i$ has been selected (1) or not (0)), $r_{ij}$ is the amount of feature $j$ in planning unit $i$, and $t_j$ is the representation target for feature $j$. Additionally, $y_j$ denotes the target shortfall for the target $t_j$ for feature $j$, and $l$ denotes the largest target shortfall. Furthermore, $B$ is the budget allocated for the solution, $c_i$ is the cost of planning unit $i$. Note that $y_j$ and $s$ are continuous variables bounded between zero and infinity.

Examples

# load data
data(sim_pu_raster, sim_pu_zones_stack, sim_features, sim_features_zones)

# create problem with minimum largest shortfall objective
p1 <- problem(sim_pu_raster, sim_features) %>%
      add_min_largest_shortfall_objective(1800) %>%
      add_relative_targets(0.1) %>%
      add_binary_decisions() %>%
      add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)
# \dontrun{
# solve problem
s1 <- solve(p1)

# plot solution
plot(s1, main = "solution", axes = FALSE, box = FALSE)

# }

# create multi-zone problem with minimum largest shortfall objective,
# with 10% representation targets for each feature, and set
# a budget such that the total maximum expenditure in all zones
# cannot exceed 3000
p2 <- problem(sim_pu_zones_stack, sim_features_zones) %>%
      add_min_largest_shortfall_objective(3000) %>%
      add_relative_targets(matrix(0.1, ncol = 3, nrow = 5)) %>%
      add_binary_decisions() %>%
      add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)
# \dontrun{
# solve problem
s2 <- solve(p2)

# plot solution
plot(category_layer(s2), main = "solution", axes = FALSE, box = FALSE)

# }
# create multi-zone problem with minimum largest shortfall objective,
# with 10% representation targets for each feature, and set
# separate budgets for each management zone
p3 <- problem(sim_pu_zones_stack, sim_features_zones) %>%
      add_min_largest_shortfall_objective(c(3000, 3000, 3000)) %>%
      add_relative_targets(matrix(0.1, ncol = 3, nrow = 5)) %>%
      add_binary_decisions() %>%
      add_default_solver(verbose = FALSE)
# \dontrun{
# solve problem
s3 <- solve(p3)

# plot solution
plot(category_layer(s3), main = "solution", axes = FALSE, box = FALSE)

# }

Arguments

Value

Details

See also

Examples